Dr. Chandra Veer Singh
Consultant ENT, Head & Neck Cancer & Skull Base Surgeon
Understanding Head & Neck Cancer
Head and neck cancers comprise a group of cancers that arise in the oral cavity (mouth), tongue, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), nose, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, and lips. Most head and neck cancers originate from the squamous cells that line the moist surfaces of these structures and are therefore known as squamous cell carcinomas.
Head and neck cancers are among the most common cancers in India, largely due to the widespread use of tobacco and areca nut products. Early diagnosis and timely treatment significantly improve survival rates and quality of life.
Why Specialized Care Matters
The management of head and neck cancer has evolved considerably over the last decade. Modern treatment requires a multidisciplinary team approach to achieve the best oncological, functional, and cosmetic outcomes.
Our dedicated Head & Neck Oncology Team includes:
- Head & Neck Cancer Surgeon
- Reconstructive and Microvascular Surgeon
- Radiation Oncologist
- Medical Oncologist
- Onco-Anaesthetist
- Onco-Pathologist
- Speech and Swallowing Therapist
- Physiotherapist
- Dental and Maxillofacial Specialist
- Occupational Therapist
- Nutritionist
- Medical Counsellor
Our goal is not only to cure cancer but also to preserve speech, swallowing, appearance, and overall quality of life.
Warning Signs of Head & Neck Cancer
Early symptoms should never be ignored. Consult a specialist if you experience:
- A white or red patch inside the mouth
- A mouth ulcer that does not heal within 2 weeks
- Persistent sore throat
- Hoarseness or change in voice lasting more than 2–3 weeks
- Difficulty swallowing
- Persistent bad breath
- A lump or swelling in the neck
- Pain or bleeding from the mouth
- Unexplained weight loss
- Nasal blockage or bleeding, especially on one side
Risk Factors
Tobacco Use
Tobacco remains the single most important risk factor for head and neck cancer.
This includes:
- Cigarettes
- Bidis
- Cigars
- Pipe smoking
- Chewing tobacco
- Gutkha
- Khaini
- Pan masala with tobacco
- Snuff and masheri
Alcohol Consumption
Heavy and prolonged alcohol intake significantly increases the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use.
Viral Infections
Certain viruses have been linked to head and neck cancers:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Sun Exposure
Excessive exposure to sunlight increases the risk of lip cancers.
Other Risk Factors
- Poor oral hygiene
- Sharp or ill-fitting teeth
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Occupational exposure to wood dust, chemicals, and industrial pollutants
- Family history of cancer
- Immunosuppression
Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of successful treatment.
Clinical Evaluation
A detailed history and comprehensive head and neck examination are performed.
Endoscopic Assessment
Specialized endoscopic evaluation allows visualization of hidden areas of the throat, voice box, and nasal passages.
Biopsy
A tissue sample is obtained and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Imaging Studies
Advanced imaging helps determine the extent of disease:
- Ultrasound (USG)
- Contrast-Enhanced CT Scan
- MRI Scan
- PET-CT Scan
These investigations help in accurate staging and treatment planning.
Treatment Options
Treatment is individualized based on the type, stage, location, and overall health of the patient.
Surgery
Surgery remains the primary treatment for many head and neck cancers.
The objective is to:
- Completely remove the cancer
- Achieve clear surgical margins
- Preserve important functions such as speech and swallowing whenever possible
Modern surgical techniques include:
- Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery
- Laser surgery
- Robotic-assisted surgery
- Microvascular free flap reconstruction
- Skull base surgery for advanced tumors
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy may be used:
- As a primary treatment
- After surgery to reduce recurrence risk
- In combination with chemotherapy for advanced disease
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be administered:
- Along with radiation therapy
- Before surgery in selected cases
- For recurrent or metastatic disease
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
Advanced treatment options are available for selected patients and may improve outcomes while reducing treatment-related side effects.
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Successful cancer treatment extends beyond tumor removal.
We focus on:
- Restoration of speech and swallowing
- Facial and neck reconstruction
- Nutritional support
- Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
- Psychological counselling
- Long-term surveillance and follow-up
The Importance of Early Detection
When diagnosed in the early stages, many head and neck cancers are highly curable. Any persistent ulcer, voice change, neck swelling, or throat symptom lasting more than two weeks should be evaluated by a Head & Neck Cancer Specialist.
Early diagnosis saves lives, reduces treatment complexity, and improves quality of life.
Expert Care
Dr. Chandra Veer Singh is a Consultant ENT, Head & Neck Cancer and Skull Base Surgeon with more than 25 years of experience in managing complex head and neck cancers. His expertise includes advanced oncologic surgery, minimally invasive and robotic techniques, microvascular reconstruction, and multidisciplinary cancer care.
For consultation, cancer screening, or a second opinion, schedule an appointment today and take the first step toward comprehensive cancer care.